Engine cylinder construction



Feb. 28, 1956 G. FLYNN, JR 2,735,300

ENGINE CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION Filed June 5, 1951 S Sheets$heet 1 3 nventor (Ittornegs Feb. 28, 1956 ca. FLYNN, JR

ENGINE CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 5, 1951 Zhwentor 5 3 T W Z a ttornegs Rb. 1956 G. FLY'NN, JR 2,736,300

' ENGINE CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 5, 1951 United States Patent ENGINE CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION Gregory Flynn, Jr., Detroit, Mich., assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application June 5, 1951, Serial No. 229,914

18 Claims. (Cl. 123-4131) This invention generally relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to improvements in engine cylinder construction.

The principal object ,of this invention is to provide a light weight engine cylinder construction including cylinder mounting decks and readily removable cylinder and head assemblies having communicating coolant and also air and gas passages to provide eflicient cooling and scavenging of the products of combustion therefrom and to also permit quick drainage of the coolant from the cylinder and head assemblies.

The combination of means by which this object is accomplished, together with other features of the invention, will become apparent by reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings illustrating a cylinder construction which is particularly adaptable to an engine having a vertical crankshaft and the cylinders disposed horizontally in vertical spaced relation for removal from the sides of the engine.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a partial horizontal cross sectional view of the engine.

Figure 2 is a partial vertical cross sectional view taken substantially on line 22 of Figure. 1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a detail shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 4 is an enlarged, exploded perspective view of the detail shownin Figure 3.

As best illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the engine frame, generally indicated by the reference character 1, is of light weight welded steel construction. The frame 1 includes a vertically disposed, cylindrical, inner cylinder deck 3 in concentric relation to the engine crankshaft, not

shown, and a surrounding outer cylinder. deck 5. The space between the inner deck members 3 and 5 serve as an air box 7 and is supplied with air under pressure by means of a blower, not shown, driven by the engine or by separate driving means. The inner and outer deck members 3 and 5 are provided with horizontally aligned flanged cylinder openings spaced vertically apart for receiving the cylinder and head assemblies.

The aligned, flanged cylinder openings in the inner and outer decks 3 and 5 are indicated at 9 and 11 and the cylinder liner and head assembly is generally indicated by the reference character 13. Each of these assemblies cornprise a cylinder liner 15 and a cylinder head 17.

The cylinder 15 is a thin wall, steel tube provided with an externally threaded head end portion 19 and a circumferentially extending row of scavenging ports 21 located intermediate the ends of the liner and shown disposed intermediate the inner and outer decks 3 and 5.

The cylinder head 17 is of welded steel construction and, as best seen in Figure 1, is generally of hourglass form. The cylinder head 17 includes a small diameter neck portion 23 and coaxially disposed outer and inner flange portions 25 and 27 of larger diameter. An axial bore 29 extends through the flange and neck portions 23, 25 and 27' of the cylinder head as best shown in Figure l. The inner flange 27 of the cylinder head 17 is provided with an internally threaded counterbore 30, coaxial with the bore 29. A seat'is formed in the'wall of the counter- 2,736,300 Patented Feb. 28, 1956 2 bore, on which seat a cylinder head gasket 31 is placed and the threaded end 19 of the cylinder 15 is screwed in the threaded counterbore 30 and seated on the gasket 31 of the inner or combustion chamber flange 27 of the cylin der head. Four exhaust passages 33, two of which are shown in Figure 2, extend from the bottom of the cylinder head counterbore 30, forming the outer end wallof the combustion chamber, to the annular space around the cylinder head neck portion 23. A coolant space 35 is provided in the combustion chamber flange 27 around the exhaust passages 33, each of which is provided with an exhaust valve seat 37, as shown best in Figure 2. Coolant passages 39, see Figure 1, extend from the coolant space 35 in the head flange 27 to the axial bore 29 in the cylinder head. The outer end flange portion 25 of the cylinder head 17 is provided with four holes, each coaxial with a valve seat 37 in the combustion chamber flange 27 and a valve stem guide bushing 41 is pressed in each of thesevholes,

two of which are shown in Figure 2. A coolant space 43 is provided in the outer head flange around the valve guide sages 48 lead from this space to the axial bore 29 in the cylinder head 17 as best seen in Figure 1.

The inner end of the axial bore in the combustion chamber flange 27 is countersunk at 49 and a tapered,

seat portion 51 is provided in the bore axially inwardly from this countersunk portion. The outer end of the bore 29 in the outer head flange 25 is of larger diameter. A sleeve 55 is provided with a tapered inner end portion 57, shown seated on the tapered seat 51, and the inner end of the sleeve is spun into the countersunk portion 49 of the cylinder head 17. The outer end of the sleeve 55 is provided with an enlarged outer diameter portion 59 having external grooves therein in which resilient 0 rings 61 are placed. The 0 rings 61 being placed in compression between the inner wall of the cylinder head bore 29 and the bottom of the grooves in the sleeve 55. The intermediate portion of the sleeve 55 is of smaller diameter than the intermediate portion of the cylinder head bore 29 to permit free circulation of the coolant axially along around the sleeve 55.

A unit fuel injection pump 62 is provided with a tapered inner end portion which is shown seated on the internal tapered surface of the sleeve 55 by suitable fuel pump holddown means, generally indicated at 63 in Figure l,

As best seen in Figures 1 and 2, the cylinder head combustion chamber flange 27 is provided with an annular groove 65 in the inner end face surrounding the threaded cylinder head and cylinder connection. Cylinder head coolant outlet openings 66 lead from the coolant space 35 in the head flange 27 to the bottom of the groove 65. A seat 67 is provided in the outer wall of the groove 65, adjacent the bottom thereof, and cylinder coolant outlet or discharge passages 69 lead from the outer wall of the groove 65 from points located axially outwardly from the seat'67 therein to the outer end face of the cylinder head combustion chamber flange 27, as best illustrated in Figure 2.

Each cylinder 15 is provided with a pair of concentrically disposed coolant sleeves or jackets 71 and 73 slidable on the liner. The inner jacket 71 is flared outwardly adjacent the head end and is joined to the outer jacket 73 by welding and the welded edges of the jackets are shown seated on the seat '67 in the groove 65 of the the bottom of the groove 77 and the adjacent, oppositely tapered countersunk portions of'the groove 65 in the head flange 27 and in the flanged opening 9 of the outer deck of the engine frame 1. The inner end of the outer jacket 73 is provided with an internal flange 79 having an outer end face surface 81 shown tapering radially inwardly and axially toward. the cylinder head. The inner end of the inner jacket 71 is seated on the internal flange 79 and coolant grooves 83 are provided in the inner edge of the inner jacket 71 to permit flow of coolant from the inner end of the inner jacket to the inner end of the outer jacket.

A two part port fairing ring, generally indicated by the reference character 85, is also slidable over each of the cylinder liners to cause smooth flow of air through the cylinder liner ports 21 from the air box 7, between the inner and outer deck members 3 and 5 of the engine frame 1, and also to retain the coolant jackets 71 and 73 in fluid-tight engagement with each cylinder and cylinder head assembly. This two part fairing ring, see Figures 3 and 4, comprises two rings in and 87 slidable on a cylinder in abutting end to end relation. The end surface of the ring 86 adjacent the outer jacket flange 79' is provided with a surface portion tapered oppositely to that of the tapered end surface of the outer water jacket flange'79, as best seen in Figures 1 and 2. A resilient O ring 89 is placed on the cylinder liner between these two oppositely tapered surfaces and is compressed between these surfaces and the outer surface of the liner when the rings and 87 are moved toward the cylinder head and locked to the liner by means of a snap ring 90 engaging the adjacent end surface of the ring 87 and seated in an external groove shown'in the cylinder. Theabut-z ting end surfaces of the rings'86 and 87 are provided with registering grooves 91 and 93 retained inregister with the edges of the ports 21 in the cylinder liner by means of a key, not shown, seated in longitudinally aligned internal key slots 94 and 95 in the rings 86 and 87, shown in Figure 4, and also seated in" a longitudinally extending groove, not shown, in the cylinder The outer edges 96 of the registering grooves 91'and 93 in the rings 86 and 87 are faired by rounding off these edges best seen in Figures 3 and 4 to cause smooth air flow into these grooves and the cylinder liner ports 21 in register therewith. A metallic sealing ring 97 is placed in each'liner adjacent the snap ring 90 and the inner face ofthe seal- 1ng r1ng 97 is provided with a surface portion tapering radially inwardly and axially toward the cylinder head; The surface of the flanged opening 11 of the inner deck member adjacent the sealing ring 97 is shown in Figures 1 and 2 provided with an'oppositely tapered surface port10n. A resilient O ring 99 is placedon the cylinder'liner between these oppositely tapered surfaces.

The above described cylinder head and liner assembly 13 is insertable from the side of the engine frame 1 through the vertically spaced, horizontally aligned flanged openings 9 and 11 of the inner and outer deck members 3 and 5 of the engine frame 1. Each cylinder head flange 27 is detachably secured to the outer deck frame member 5 by means of cap screws 100. When so secured the resilient O ring 99 between the adjacent oppositely tapered surfaces of the cylinder sealing ring 97 and the flanged opening 11 of the inner deck member 3 and "the O ring 99 is compressed and in sealing contact with the outersurface'of the cylinderto'prevent "leakage of "air-at this point. The resilient 0 ring 78 in the groove 77 of the outer coolant jacket 73 is likewise further compressed between the adjacent countersunk portions of the cylinder head flange 27 and the flanged opening 9 of the outer deck member 5 and the bottomof the outer jacket groove 77 to prevent'leakage of coolant and air at this point.

The two part port fairing 185 of-each cylinder-head and liner assembly is then' positioned intermediate the inner and outer deck members 3 and 5 to cause smooth air flow into and through the ports 21in the cylinder liner 15 from the air box 7 when these ports are uncovered by an an engine piston101 reciprocableirr the liner when the piston approaches the inner dead center position. Each piston 101 is shown connected by a connectingrod 102 tothe crankshaft, not shown; in conventional manner.

An exhaust ring 103 having an exhaust port 105 extending radially through the wall and a'coolant jacket space 107 in the wall and around this port is placed around each cylinder head 17. The exhaustring 103 is shown provided with internal shoulders 108 and .109 held in engagement with external shoulders provided on the innerand outer flanges 25 and '27of.the cylinder head by holddown nuts .on studs lllextending'th'rough holes in'the exhaust ring 103 and threaded intorthe inner or combustion chamber flange 27 of the cylinder head 17.

Arocker shaft support bracket 113 is secured to the outer face of each exhaust'ring 103 bycap screws 114. The bracket 113 has a cored coolant inlet passage 115, see Figure 1, one end of which registers with the'coolaut inlet opening 47 in the cylinder head and the opposite endv of the passage 115 registers with a'separate coolant inlet passage 116 in the exhaust ring 103." A separate coolant inlet opening 117 isprovided in the wall of the exhaust ring 103 and is shown in Figure-.1 in communication with the separate coolant inlet passage 116 therein.

A vertical rocker shaft 118' is secured in each support bracket 113 and two exhaust valve rocker levers 119 and a single injection pump rocker lever 120 are rockablysupported therein, as best seen in Figure 2. A follower roller 121 is provided on the outer end of each of the rocker levers and each roller 121 engages a separate cam on an engine camshaft 122rotatably supported about a vertical axis in a cylinder head cover 123, as best seen'in Figure 1. The inner endof the injector rocker lever 120, shown in Figure 2, between the valve rockerlevers 119, is

provided with conventional adjusting means, shown in Figures 1 and 2, in engagement with a plunger of the unit fuel injection pump '62 for operation thereof in timed reladen with the engine piston in conventional manner. The inner end of each of the exhaust valves rocker levers 119 is provided with conventional adjusting means, shown in Figures 1 and 2, in engagement with the central portion of a bridge lever 124' eachend of .which engages a stem of an exhaust valve 45v foroperation] of separate pairs of exhaust valves fintimed relation with the engine piston in conventional manner.

The'cylinder head'cover-123 is. removably secured. to the outer deck 5 of. the engine frame by cap screws, not shown, and an outer end cover 125is supported along one vertical side of the cover 123 by hinges 126 and is held seated on the outer edge of the cover by holddown means shown located alongthe opposite vertical side of the cover and generally indicated in Figure l by the reference character 127.

Coolant inlet sleeves 128 are shown in Figure 1 pressed into separate'openings 129 provided in one sidewall of the cylinder head cover- 123. The inner end of each sleeve 128 isalso shown pressed into a separate coolant opening 117 in each exhaust ring. 103 and the outer flanged end of each sleeve.128..isshown connected to one horizontal branchofia vertical coolant inlet manifold 130' supplied with coolantrby aipump, .not shown.

It will be noted in Figure:2 thata'the COOlEIIltLOIlIIlEt or:

jacent exhaust rings. with an opening 151 located in the outer end face and :shown communicating with the outer end, bottom portion of the coolant passage 107 therein and another opening treat the eqoiant outlet or discharge openings in each outer'cylinder-jacket73 registerwith openings 131 in the inner face of the exhaust ring 103 and ferrules 132 are provided in these openings 131 which are shown communicating with the coolant space 107 in the exhaust ring. Coolant is discharged from each exhaust ring 103 through discharge openings 133, shown in Figure 1, leading from the outer end of the coolant space 107, horizontally outwardly, through the outer end portion of a flat vertical seat 134 provided on the exhaust ring around the exhaust port 105. Separate horizontal branches 135 of a vertical exhaust manifold 137 extend through separate openings 139 inthe side wall of the cylinder head cover 123 diametrically opposite the separate coolant inlet openings 129 and 117 provided in the cover and each of the exhaust rings 103 for the coolant inlet sleeves 128, as best shown in Figure l. The exhaust manifold 137 and each branch 135 thereof is provided with a surrounding coolant jacket 141. An annular exhaust flange 143 is secured to the end of each branch 135 and to the coolant jacket 141 of the exhaust manifold and the outer face of each flange is seated on the fiat seat 134 surrounding an exhaust port of each exhaust ring 103. Each exhaust flange 143 is provided with an annular coolant groove 145, the inner edge of which is connected to one exhaust manifold branch and the outer edge of the groove 145 is connected to the surrounding coolant jacket 141. Coolant passages 147 lead from the bottom of the coolant groove 145 in each exhaust flange 143 and these passages register with the coolant discharge passage 133 in each exhaust ring 103 adjacent the exhaust port 105.

In order to permit quick drainage the coolant from the coolant passages in all of the vertically spaced, horizontally arranged cylinder and head assemblies 13, connectors 149, as best shown in Figure 2, are provided between adjacent drain openings in the outer faces of ad- Each exhaust ring 103 is provided 153 is located diametrically opposite in the outer end face of the exhaust ring and is shown communicating with the outer end, top portion of the coolant passage 107 atherein. ;passage 155 and horizontal branch passages at the end Each connector 149 is provided with a vertical end wall 157 of the cylinder head cover 123, as best shown in Figure 2, and a coolant drain plug 159 is threaded in the lower end of this drain passage. Similarly, the top opening 153 of the uppermost exhaust ring is likewise connected by another identical connector 149 to a similar passage serving as an atmospheric bleed passage in the upper end wall of the cylinder cover 123, not shown, and having a similar pipe plug 159, not shown, threaded in the upper end of the atmospheric bleed passage. With this arrangement, removal of the pipe plugs 159 in the lower drain and upper atmospheric bleed passages in the lower and upper end walls of the cylinder cover permits quick drainage of the coolant from the coolant jackets and passages in the exhaust and coolant manifolds 130 and 137, the exhaust rings 103, the cylinder heads 17 and cylinder jackets 71 and 73.

The above described engine cylinder construction provides a light weight engine and quick removal of any cylinder and cylinder head assembly from the side of the engine frame. Also efficient cooling of the cylinder heads, cylinclers' and exhaust manifolds is provided and eflicient scavenging 0f the products of combustion from each of the cylinder head and cylinder assemblies. Coolant from the vertical coolant inlet manifold 130 is led through the separate coolant inlet sleeves 128 and passages 116 in the exhaust rings 103, and separate passages 115 in each valve rocker brackets 113 to the separate coolant inlet openings 47 in each cylinder head 17. Coolant then passes horizontally inwardly and around the coolant passages 43 in each of the outer cylinder head flanges 25. The coolant then flows through the cylinder head passages 48 and inwardly and around the sleeve 55 in which the fuel injector 62 is mounted to cool it. Coolant then passes through the head passages 39 and flows inwardly and around the coolant space 35 in the inner cylinder head flange around the exhaust valve seats 37 and passes through the holes 66 from the space 35' into the inner cylinder liner jacket 71. The coolant then flows inwardly and around the cylinder liner and passes through the grooves 83 in the inner edge of the inner cylinder liner jacket 71 to the adjacent end of the outer jacket 73. The coolant then flows outwardly and around the inner jacket and passes outwardly through the holes 75 in the outer end of the outer jacket 73 and through the registering coolant outlet or discharge passages 69- in the head flange 27 to the exhaust ring coolant space 107. The coolant then passes outwardly and around the coolant space in the exhaust ring and is discharged from the discharge openings 133 in the exhaust ring to the space between each branch 135 and the jacket 141 of the exhaust manifold 137. The heated coolant is then led from the exhaust manifold jacket to a suitable intercooler where it is cooled and from which the coolant pump again recirculates the coolant in the above described path through each of the engine cylinder and cylinder assemblies.

I claim:

1. In an engine, spaced inner and outer cylinder mounting decks having aligned cylinder openings, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the aligned 'cylinder openings, each assembly comprising a cylinder head having separately defined coolant spaces therein and removably secured to the outer deck, a cylinder secured to the cylinder head and coolant jackets on the cylinder and seated in the cylinder head defining a coolant space in series coolant communication between said head coolant spaces.

2. In an engine, spaced inner and outer cylinder mounting decks having aligned cylinder openings, a'cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the aligned cylinder openings and removably secured to the outer deck, each assembly comprising a head having separately defined coolant spaces therein, said head being removably secured to the outer deck, a cylinder secured to the head, cylinder jacket means removably mounted on the cylinder and in series coolant communication between said head coolant spaces, and means removably secured to the cylinder and engageable with the coolant jacket means for seating said jacket means on the head.

3. In an engine, spaced inner and outer cylinder mounting decks having aligned cylinder openings, 3. cylinder head and cylinder assembly insertable in the aligned openings and removably secured to the outer deck, said cylinder having ports therein disposed between the inner and outer decks, a port fairing ring removably mounted on the cylinder having faired passages therein registering with the cylinder ports, coolant jacket means extending longitudinally of the cylinder and clamped endwise against the cylinder head by the port fairing ring, said cylinder head having separately defined coolant spaces therein in coolant supplying and coolant receiving communication, respectively, with said jacket means of the cylinder.

4. In an engine, spaced apart inner and outer cylinder mounting decks having aligned cylinder openings, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the aligned cylinder openings, each assembly comprising a cylinder head removably secured to the outer deck, a cylinder secured to the head and inner and outer coolant jackets arse-gene 7. concentrically mountedmn. the cylinder andseated irnthe headasaid head having ai-coolant space 'therein, coolant. outletpass ages leading from the coolant space in the head to the space between the innerjacket and cylinder and separate coolant discharge passages in the head communicating' with the space between the inner and outer jackets, said inner jackets having coolant passages connecting the space between the inner jacket and cylinder to the space between the jackets.

5. In an engine, spaced 'apart'inner and outer cylinder decks having aligned cylinder openings, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable into the aligned cylinder openings and removably secured to the outer deck, said assembly including coolant jacket means on the cylinder adjacent the head, ring means on the cylinder adjacent the lower deck and resilient sealing means disposed on the cylinder between the coolant jacket means and ring means and compressed therebetween into engagement with the cylinder.

6. In-an'engine, spaced apart inner and outer cylinder decks having aligned cylinder openings, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the cylinder openings and removably secured to the outer deck, said assembly including coolant jacket means on the cylinder adjacent the head, ringmeans on the cylinder adjacent the inner deck, resilient sealing means on'the cylinder betwecnthe jacket means and ring means, and means engageable with the cylinder and ring means for compressing the resilient sealing means into sealing engagement with the jacket means and the cylinder.

7. In an engine, spaced apart inner and outer cylinder decks having aligned cylinder openings, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the aligned cylinder openings, said assembly including coolant jacket means on thecylinder adjacent the head, ring means on the cylinder adjacent the lower deck, a resilient sealing ring betweenthe jacket means and ring means compressed into sealing engagement with the cylinder, a second resilient sealing ring between the ring means and inner deck and means for securing the head to the outer deck for compressing said second resilient sealing ring into sealing engagement with the cylinder and inner deck.

8. In an engine, spaced apart inner and outer cylinder decks having aligned cylinder openings, a cylinder head and cylinder assembly insertable in the aligned openings,

said assembly including coolant jacket means on the cylinder adjacent the head, ring means on the cylinder adjacent the lower deck, a resilient sealing ring between the jacket means and ring means, said ring means being removably secured on the cylinder to compress the resilient sealing ring into sealing engagement with the cylinder and means for removably securing the head to the outer deck member.

9. Inan engine, spaced apart inner and outer cylinder decks having aligned cylinder openings, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the aligned openings, said assembly including coolant jacket means on the cylinderadjacent the head, a first resilient sealing ring on the jacket means between the head and outer deck, ring means on the cylinder between the jacket means and inner deck, a second resilient sealing ring on the cylinder compressed between the jacket means and ring means, a third resilient sealing ring on the cylinder between the ring means and inner deck and means for removably securing the head to the outerv deck to compress said first and second resilient sealing rings.

10. In an engine, spaced apart inner and outer cylinder mounting decks having aligned cylinder openings and forming an engine air inlet space between the decks, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the aligneddeck openings, said assembly comprising a head removably secured'to' the outer deck, a cylinder secured to the head" and having air inlet ports-opening into the air inlet'space, concentrically disposed-inner andouter. coolant jackets-on the cylinder andseated at.one..end.1n the head and in coolant communication with each other adjacent their" oppositev ends; a xpert -.fairi'ng jring meaus on. the kcylinder" having fairedIpassa'ges registering with. thecylinder ports and i-retaining the coolant jackets seated said cylinder having concentrically disposed cylinder jackets thereon and seated'at one end in the head and in coolant communicationadjacent the opposite end, said head having exhaust passages therein, communicating coolant inlet and outlet'passages extending around the exhaust passages; and separate coolant discharge passages, saidicoolant outlet passages inthe head communicating withthe space between the cylinder and inner jacket and said separate coolant discharge passages communicating with thespace between the inner and outer jackets, and an exhaust ring having an exhaust port therein communicating with the exhaust passages in the head and communicating coolant-inlet and discharge passages in the ring extending around the exhaust port, said coolant inlet passages in said ring'registering with the separate coolant discharge passages in'the head.

12. In an engine-,spaced apart inner and outer cylinder mounting deckshaving aligned cylinder openings and forming an engine air boxbetween the decks, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the aligned openings, said cylinder having-air inlet' ports opening into the air box, said' head having exhaust passages therein extending from the interior of the cylinder to the side of the head'and an exhaust ring removably secured to thehead and having an exhaust portregistering with the exhaust passages in the head.

13. In an engine, spaced apart inner and outer decks having aligned cylinder openings, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable into the aligned cylinder openings, said head b'ei'ngrernovable secured to the outer deck and having a central opening extending into the cylinder and separate gas passages, including valves, disposed around the central opening and extending from the side of the head to the interior of the'cylinder, a ring removably secured around the head and having a port opening into the gas passages at the sidc'of thehead, a cover removably secured tothe outer deck and enclosing the ring, a cam shaft rotatable in the cover valve and valve operating mechanism removably secured to the head and opera tively connecting'the valves with the cam shaft.

14. In-an engine, spaced apart inner and outer cylinder mountingdecks'having aligned cylinder openings, :1 cylinder ad cylinder head'assembly insertable. in aligned cylinder openings, said head being removably secured to the outer deck and having a central opening extending axially into the cylinder, gas passages disposed around the central opening includingvalves and extending from the side of the head to the interiorof the cylinder, a fuel injection pump mounted in thecentral opening, a'ring removably secured around thehead and having a port registering with the gas passages in the head; fuel injection pump, and valve actuating means removably secured to the head and engaging the fuel injection pump and valves, a cover removably securedto-the outer deck and enclosing the head and ring, said cover having a cam shaft rotatably supported therein and engaging the fuel injection pump and valve actuating means for actuation thereof, and a port aligned with the portin the ringand. gas conduit interconnectingthe:ports in the ring and cover.

15 In .an:.eng ine,.,sp aced ,apart .innerandouter cylinder mounting decks having aligned cylinder mounting openings, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the aligned cylinder openings, said head being of cylindrical form and having a reduced diameter intermediate portion and removably secured to the outer deck, said head having an axial opening and exhaust passages, including valve seats, disposed around the axial head opening and extending from within the cylinder to the reduced diameter head portion and valve stem openings aligned with the valve seats extending outwardly of the head, valves having stems slidable in the valve stem openings and having heads cooperating with the valve seats, a fuel injection pump mounted in the axial head opening, valve and fuel injection pump actuating means removably secured to the outer end of the head, an exhaust ring removably secured around the cylinder head and having a radial exhaust port opening into the intermediate reduced diameter portion of the head, a cover removably secured to the outer cylinder deck and having a cam shaft rotatably supported therein for actuating the fuel injection pump and said valves, said cover having an exhaust port aligned with the port in the exhaust ring and an exhaust pipe extending through the port in the cover and connected to the port in the exhaust ring, said cylinder having air inlet ports opening into the space between the inner and outer decks and a port fairing ring means removably secured on the cylinder and having faired passages registering with the cylinder ports.

16. In an engine, vertically disposed inner and outer cylinder decks spaced apart horizontally and having pairs of horizontally aligned cylinder openings spaced vertically apart, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable into each pair of aligned cylinder openings, each of said assemblies including a cylinder head removably secured to the outer deck and having two separately defined coolant spaces therein and a cylinder having coolant jacket means in series coolant communication between said head coolant spaces, and means including coolant drain passages interconnecting one of said head coolant spaces with the corresponding head coolant space of another of said assemblies.

17. In an engine, vertically disposed inner and outer cylinder mounting decks spaced horizontally apart and having a vertical row of horizontally aligned cylinder openings therein, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the aligned openings, each assembly comprising a cylinder head having a coolant space therein and a mounting flange removably secured to the outer face of the outer deck, and a cylinder secured to the head and extending through aligned cylinder openings in the decks, said cylinder having surrounding coolant jacket means located within the cylinder opening of the outer deck, said coolant jacket means comprising concentrically arranged inner and outer sleeves joined at one end and seated in the head flange, said outer sleeve having a flange at the other end engaging the outer surface of the cylinder, said inner sleeve extending toward the outer sleeve flange, said cylinder head having a coolant inlet passage communicating with the coolant space and having coolant outlet passages extending from the coolant space to the interior of the inner sleeve, said head flange having coolant discharge passages communicating with the space between the sleeves at circumferentially spaced points therein, a hollow annular ring around the head and in engagement with the head flange and having coolant inlet openings in and registering with the coolant discharge passages in the head flange, and coolant drain openings in lower and upper portions of the hollow ring and connectors having coolant drain passages interconnecting the upper and lower drain openings of the ring positioned around the vertically disposed cylinder heads.

18. In an engine, spaced apart inner and outer cylinder decks having aligned openings, a cylinder and cylinder head assembly insertable in the aligned openings, said assembly comprising a cylinder head removably secured to the outer deck and a cylinder secured thereto, said cyl inder head being of cylindrical form and having a reduced diameter portion intermediate the ends and exhaust passages leading therefrom to the interior of the cylinder and a coolant space around the exhaust passages, said cylinders having concentrically disposed inner and outer water jackets thereon, one end of the jackets being seated on the head, the outer jacket having an internal flange at the opposite end engaging the external cylinder surface and the other end face of the inner jacket, said inner jacket having coolant openings therein adjacent the outer jacket flange, said head having separate coolant discharge passages registering with the space between the jackets, an exhaust ring around the head and having an exhaust port therein registering with the reduced diameter portion of the head and having a coolant space therein with coolant inlet openings and outlet openings leading therefrom, and a separate coolant inlet passage, said coolant inlet openings in the ring registering with the separate coolant discharge passages in the head, a cover enclosing the head and exhaust ring and having a coolant inlet opening and an exhaust opening therein, a coolant inlet manifold connected to the coolant inlet opening in the head, coolant connections interconnecting the coolant inlet openings in the cover, the separate coolant passage in the ring and the coolant inlet opening in the head, and a water cooled exhaust manifold extending through the exhaust opening in the cover and connected to the exhaust port and coolant discharge passage in the exhaust ring.

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